Does anyone out there have a physics background and can tell what Mrs. Hawking's equations are about?
http://gallery.lost-media.com/displayimage-1454-496.html

The equations Mrs. Hawking was scribbling on the Chalkboard was addressed by Machio Kaku in Popular Mechanics...
http://www.popularmechanics.com/scie...74.html?page=2 (http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/research/4300774.html?page=2)

And what about those equations Mrs. Hawking—yes, the same woman who told Desmond that he had to ditch his planned proposal to go to the island to save the world—was writing on the chalkboard at the end of "The Lie"? They're probability equations, which come from quantum mechanics. "The only reason you'd be interested in probability is because you want to calculate radiation effect," says Kaku. "And radiation has to do with the stability of the wormhole. Say a flashlight was to go through a wormhole. It would go into the past, but [its] photons don't disappear; they go back in a second time, and go back in and in and in like a circle, until it builds up and the whole thing blows up." Perhaps dislodging the island in time has made the exotic matter and the wormhole unstable, and that's why Ben's ragtag group of the Oceanic Six and other mysterious characters have only 70 hours to get back to the island and make things right before it—or the whole world?—blows up. But those are questions for another time

Sorry Kansasgal71, but I am a theoretical physicist and the conclusion from "probability" to "wormhole" seems pretty far fetched. There are countless reasons to calculate probablities, so radiation has nothing to do with it in particular, and no one has actually ever seen a wormhole, so why jumping from "radiation" to "wormhole"? This is totally bananas.

To the original question, there isn't much to see on the black board. Of course it has to do with probabilities, since you can read "event probablity" on the black board, and you can see a capitel P somewhere, but thats about it. The delta t here and there usually indicates a time interval. The integrals at the bottom look pretty trivial and an advanced physicist would never even bother to write them down in his own notes (it has to do with normalized probability distributions, if you want to some research on your own). Then again the graphs are way too detailed to draw them by hand, you simply would print them out with a computer.

The integrals at the bottom look pretty trivial and an advanced physicist would never even bother to write them down in his own notes (it has to do with normalized probability distributions, if you want to some research on your own).

That's physicists for you. Formulas the ordinary Joe would find horribly complex are shrugged off as "trivial". :D

Sorry Kansasgal71, but I am a theoretical physicist and the conclusion from "probability" to "wormhole" seems pretty far fetched. There are countless reasons to calculate probablities, so radiation has nothing to do with it in particular, and no one has actually ever seen a wormhole, so why jumping from "radiation" to "wormhole"? This is totally bananas.

To the original question, there isn't much to see on the black board. Of course it has to do with probabilities, since you can read "event probablity" on the black board, and you can see a capitel P somewhere, but thats about it. The delta t here and there usually indicates a time interval. The integrals at the bottom look pretty trivial and an advanced physicist would never even bother to write them down in his own notes (it has to do with normalized probability distributions, if you want to some research on your own). Then again the graphs are way too detailed to draw them by hand, you simply would print them out with a computer.

Because it ties in with the other clues in the show eluding to wormholes, we have negatively charged exotic matter, the Casimir effect, that's where Kaku was going with the part about radiation i believe.

I've always wondered about the validity of the equations they use on the show, thanks for that perspective.

Sorry Kansasgal71, but I am a theoretical physicist and the conclusion from "probability" to "wormhole" seems pretty far fetched. There are countless reasons to calculate probablities, so radiation has nothing to do with it in particular, and no one has actually ever seen a wormhole, so why jumping from "radiation" to "wormhole"? This is totally bananas.

To the original question, there isn't much to see on the black board. Of course it has to do with probabilities, since you can read "event probablity" on the black board, and you can see a capitel P somewhere, but thats about it. The delta t here and there usually indicates a time interval. The integrals at the bottom look pretty trivial and an advanced physicist would never even bother to write them down in his own notes (it has to do with normalized probability distributions, if you want to some research on your own). Then again the graphs are way too detailed to draw them by hand, you simply would print them out with a computer.

Thank you so much for your input. Prior to Lost I had absolutely no concept of Physics... Quantum Physics... But I always loved Sci-Fi and have been an avid reader. Since my obsession with Lost, I have spent lots of time reading and trying to wrap my brain around it all. I have had lots of help here at the Lage.. (thanks addhawk, bigmouth, sequelost, fierro, Jane, Cardie.... i know I forgot many and thanks to you all)

I hope you stay a regular visitor here at the Lage. Since most of my knowledge comes from surfing the internet and reading books by Michio Kaku and Stepehen Hawking... I readily accept advice and information from those much smarter than me.

BTW... did you get a chance to look at any of the pages of Fairday's Journal?
Here is my rather feeble attempt to understanding it...
http://forum.thefuselage.com/showthread.php?t=105840

Yes I guess now that the seasoned startet again I will be around. I couldn't in the first season (which was actually before I went to university) anticipate the scientific approach Lost is taking now in the fifth season, but I am quite psyched about it. Lost takes surprisingly great detail in all these notes and black boards. I already looked at Daniel's notes in the forth season and found it funny to actually see expressions we had in class and are totally unusual in sci-fi-shows, like the Eddington-Finkelstein-coordinates which are used when considering light going towards or away from a black hole. In Daniel's office we once could see the Schrödinger equation if I am not mistaken, the fundamental equation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics.
The pages we can see in 5x01 deal with general relativity and therefore spacetime, I can see several components of the Einstein tensor G_{\mu\nu} in spherical coordinates and the cosmological constant Lambda. Well, looks like he is actually trying to solve the Einstein field equations, but I can't say in which context. All exact solutions can be looked up since they tend to be pretty complicated. But then again, it all looks too simple, when I took General Relativity at a grad students level, my notes for my homework already looked much more complicated than Daniel's notes. Wait, maybe I can show you...
Ok so this is not general relativity but quantum field theory, which is a quantum theory involving special relativity, and it's similarly complicated.
http://img98.imageshack.us/img98/637/img1195zh9.jpg
Don't get me wrong, I love how the makers of Lost are obviously consulting a physicist and they already do a great job, but in reality I think Daniels notes should look a little bit more like mine. :cool:

Ben... Your notes gave me a headache.. LOL!! And thanks so much for showing them.

I can see in Daniel's notes he is attempting to solve Einsteins Equation. On his first page we see...in his notes he is talking about the Expanding universe. I am assuming he is talking about the FLW metric (Friedmann Equations)

Is their anything unusual about Fairday's Equations that shows how he is calculating the time-jumps? Or the trajectory to leave the island?

Yes I guess now that the seasoned startet again I will be around. I couldn't in the first season (which was actually before I went to university) anticipate the scientific approach Lost is taking now in the fifth season, but I am quite psyched about it. Lost takes surprisingly great detail in all these notes and black boards. I already looked at Daniel's notes in the forth season and found it funny to actually see expressions we had in class and are totally unusual in sci-fi-shows, like the Eddington-Finkelstein-coordinates which are used when considering light going towards or away from a black hole. In Daniel's office we once could see the Schrödinger equation if I am not mistaken, the fundamental equation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics.
The pages we can see in 5x01 deal with general relativity and therefore spacetime, I can see several components of the Einstein tensor G_{\mu\nu} in spherical coordinates and the cosmological constant Lambda. Well, looks like he is actually trying to solve the Einstein field equations, but I can't say in which context. All exact solutions can be looked up since they tend to be pretty complicated. But then again, it all looks too simple, when I took General Relativity at a grad students level, my notes for my homework already looked much more complicated than Daniel's notes. Wait, maybe I can show you...
Ok so this is not general relativity but quantum field theory, which is a quantum theory involving special relativity, and it's similarly complicated.
http://img98.imageshack.us/img98/637/img1195zh9.jpg
Don't get me wrong, I love how the makers of Lost are obviously consulting a physicist and they already do a great job, but in reality I think Daniels notes should look a little bit more like mine. :cool:
Only problem here is, if they look a little more like yours, that narrows the scope of who can actually screen cap and get an idea of what they are so much. I am a mathematician, and understood a lot of what was on the board, from the probability stand point (naturally, we'd need to know what a lot of their variables are representative of, but we can make some assumptions, such as delta t equating to time travel, etc.). TPTB know that their shows are gone over with a fine tooth comb, so I think they want to be certain that it wouldn't take somebody with as deep a background as yourself to even begin to understand what was going on there. That's simply my opinion on the matter.

Yeah you are probably right, bigh0rt. And no, kansasgal71, these things you are speaking of would take Daniel several pages to calculate, with this handwriting and this page size (and might even be impossible without the help of sophisticated computer programs). All I can make out is pretty generic stuff and I am too lazy to guess what the parts could be that are too blurry. Such short equations can't be that meaningful anyways, at least in this context, because even the approximate shape of spacetime around the island should be very complicated. Usually physicists deal with problems that show many symmetries, like black holes that show perfect spherical symmetries. Without symmetries, which the island doesn't seem to have, most calculations become infinitely complex and you need computers to get approximate solutions. That's why experimentalists are always making fun of theorists. ;)

The equations Mrs. Hawking was scribbling on the Chalkboard was addressed by Machio Kaku in Popular Mechanics...
http://www.popularmechanics.com/scie...74.html?page=2 (http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/research/4300774.html?page=2)

And what about those equations Mrs. Hawking—yes, the same woman who told Desmond that he had to ditch his planned proposal to go to the island to save the world—was writing on the chalkboard at the end of "The Lie"? They're probability equations, which come from quantum mechanics. "The only reason you'd be interested in probability is because you want to calculate radiation effect," says Kaku. "And radiation has to do with the stability of the wormhole. Say a flashlight was to go through a wormhole. It would go into the past, but [its] photons don't disappear; they go back in a second time, and go back in and in and in like a circle, until it builds up and the whole thing blows up." Perhaps dislodging the island in time has made the exotic matter and the wormhole unstable, and that's why Ben's ragtag group of the Oceanic Six and other mysterious characters have only 70 hours to get back to the island and make things right before it—or the whole world?—blows up. But those are questions for another time

Good link to that article, kansasgal. I was wondering when string theory would make an appearance.

Hawking's equations reference probability (as a set of three variables from what I can see on her blackboard) like Kaku suggests but he leaves out that they also address harmonics and tone as found in string theory.

Strings come in many forms, open ended but also in closed loops. Both vibrate in fundamental modes and frequencies that correspond to the particles, matter and the universe we see and experience.

The electron, proton or photon, time, etc are all made from the same basic type of closed string or loop. The only difference between each particle is the frequency and mode they vibrate at to give the outward characteristics we describe them by. The string cannot be broken. Large energy is required to do that. Because of that, the tension in the string is large too and that gives the bell-like tones we've heard when the key and the FDW were turned.

"You cannot make a record" Chang's skipping Willie Nelson record

"Time moves back and forth on a string" Faraday's description

All references to "spiral time" as I've made in many a post.

But when time and the record move the right way and are in synch, the island will vibrate and play the tone/song it was meant to be playing. That song will translate into the way we perceive it as matter and substance. And in how our other senses perceive it.

So far the island has not been playing that song. Dharma tried to get it to play that song but messed things up. Ben made matters worse when he turned the FDW (or did he?).

The harmonics add to the richness of the tone. The O6, the whispers. Layers and extra voices have a pleasing effect on the ear. Good Vibrations - The Beach Boys are masters of harmony. Check out their Pet Sounds album.

http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=zej1_v-Fq4E Willie and Beach Boys, a group of 6 or so people harmonizing...

Well, you all sound very informed on physics to little ol' me -

Speaking of string theory - doesn't it suggest 6 or 7 more dimensions in addition to our 4? The way Lost keeps saying you can't change the future or you can only have one outcome makes me wonder "why not"? I always thought these other dimensions might make room for a parallel existence. Any thoughts?

Ben... Your notes gave me a headache.. LOL!! And thanks so much for showing them.

I can see in Daniel's notes he is attempting to solve Einsteins Equation. On his first page we see...in his notes he is talking about the Expanding universe. I am assuming he is talking about the FLW metric (Friedmann Equations)

Is their anything unusual about Fairday's Equations that shows how he is calculating the time-jumps? Or the trajectory to leave the island?

I am def. no physicist but given that she's calculating probability equations,couldn't she be be attempting to figure out the most likely time for Ben and the O6 return...a time consistent with where the left behinder losties are in so they can meet in the same timeline.

Or possibly Ms.Hawkings is trying to predict when a certain cosmic event might occur...like an asteroid/or meteor passing through that might open a portal for the O6 to go through to get back to the Island?
100%
Good link to that article, kansasgal. I was wondering when string theory would make an appearance.

Hawking's equations reference probability (as a set of three variables from what I can see on her blackboard) like Kaku suggests but he leaves out that they also address harmonics and tone as found in string theory.

Strings come in many forms, open ended but also in closed loops. Both vibrate in fundamental modes and frequencies that correspond to the particles, matter and the universe we see and experience.

The electron, proton or photon, time, etc are all made from the same basic type of closed string or loop. The only difference between each particle is the frequency and mode they vibrate at to give the outward characteristics we describe them by. The string cannot be broken. Large energy is required to do that. Because of that, the tension in the string is large too and that gives the bell-like tones we've heard when the key and the FDW were turned.

"You cannot make a record" Chang's skipping Willie Nelson record

"Time moves back and forth on a string" Faraday's description

All references to "spiral time" as I've made in many a post.

But when time and the record move the right way and are in synch, the island will vibrate and play the tone/song it was meant to be playing. That song will translate into the way we perceive it as matter and substance. And in how our other senses perceive it.

So far the island has not been playing that song. Dharma tried to get it to play that song but messed things up. Ben made matters worse when he turned the FDW (or did he?).

The harmonics add to the richness of the tone. The O6, the whispers. Layers and extra voices have a pleasing effect on the ear. Good Vibrations - The Beach Boys are masters of harmony. Check out their Pet Sounds album.

http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=zej1_v-Fq4E Willie and Beach Boys, a group of 6 or so people harmonizing...
Wow!! I like your ideas! I know we have discussed vibrations and frequencies playing a role in Lost. Isn't the Casmir Effect related to resonance and vibrations...like in the time traveling bunnies video?

... Isn't the Casmir Effect related to resonance and vibrations...like in the time traveling bunnies video?

It's called the dynamical casimir effect. I'm sure we'll see more.

...Speaking of string theory - doesn't it suggest 6 or 7 more dimensions in addition to our 4? The way Lost keeps saying you can't change the future or you can only have one outcome makes me wonder "why not"? I always thought these other dimensions might make room for a parallel existence. Any thoughts?

4 regular dimensions of our universe that is expanding outward plus 6 other dimensions that enclose a "daughter" universe that is contracting inward. I've speculated in the past that the island and ocean around it is the daughter universe. (The ocean being the embryonic fluid and the island being the good seed.)

The 7th dimension is used to sum it all up as a membrane or m-theory. Essentially our universe is one slice in a loaf of bread made up of many slices adjacent to each other. (Don't laugh so hard. :) That's the exact analogy that's used.)
ETA: I prefer to view it instead as Desmond's LPs arranged side by side on a shelf.

Holy cow. I feel like I've entered the Twilight Zone of physics. Thanks to everyone for the information. Can't wait to read more on your thoughts.

It's called the dynamical casimir effect. I'm sure we'll see more.



4 regular dimensions of our universe that is expanding outward plus 6 other dimensions that enclose a "daughter" universe that is contracting inward. I've speculated in the past that the island and ocean around it is the daughter universe. (The ocean being the embryonic fluid and the island being the good seed.)

The 7th dimension is used to sum it all up as a membrane or m-theory. Essentially our universe is one slice in a loaf of bread made up of many slices adjacent to each other. (Don't laugh so hard. :) That's the exact analogy that's used.)
ETA: I prefer to view it instead as Desmond's LPs arranged side by side on a shelf.

Not laughing at all. In fact I love it - makes perfect sense.

Not laughing at all. In fact I love it - makes perfect sense.

It all goes back to engrams and the quantum brain. Our brains acquire the outside world (or our perceived version of reality) at about 40Hz or so. The master record is the universe and our brains make their own copy of that record (engrams) at the rep rate of 40Hz. Think of 40Hz as the record speed of 40 rpm (if you are from the pre-CD era, you know what LP rpm is). You "can't make a record" is what the Willie Nelson song said over and over. True, There is only one record and we are limited to making our own personal copy of it.

Read the Roger Penrose and David Bohm section. As per the analogy of the record being used in the show.

http://www.soulsofdistortion.nl/SODA_chapter3.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engram_(neuropsychology)

Great links AddHawk!!!

http://www.soulsofdistortion.nl/SODA_chapter3.html
On his return trip from the moon on the Apollo 14 mission, astronaut Edgar Mitchell stared out of the window at our blue planet Earth. At that moment something profound hit him. All of a sudden he was hurtled out of his normal consciousness and felt an intense oneness, a connectedness with planet Earth and in fact all of the universe. Never before had he had such an experience. His ego and the separate world outside of him merged. He could no longer discern a difference; he himself had become the universe! His thoughts seemed to have an effect on the outer world and the outer world seemed to have an effect on his thoughts. He was fully aware of the fact that the separation of his ego and the universe at large does not exist. It is the experience described in quantum scientific terms by David Bohm wherein the observer becomes the observed!

Can you say "Be the ENLIGHTENED One"

Great links AddHawk!!!

http://www.soulsofdistortion.nl/SODA_chapter3.html
On his return trip from the moon on the Apollo 14 mission, astronaut Edgar Mitchell stared out of the window at our blue planet Earth. At that moment something profound hit him. All of a sudden he was hurtled out of his normal consciousness and felt an intense oneness, a connectedness with planet Earth and in fact all of the universe. Never before had he had such an experience. His ego and the separate world outside of him merged. He could no longer discern a difference; he himself had become the universe! His thoughts seemed to have an effect on the outer world and the outer world seemed to have an effect on his thoughts. He was fully aware of the fact that the separation of his ego and the universe at large does not exist. It is the experience described in quantum scientific terms by David Bohm wherein the observer becomes the observed!

Can you say "Be the ENLIGHTENED One"

After reading this post, I thought it sounded familiar. I've nerver heard about that experience from an astronaut. Thought you might find this intresting. It's from Jill Bolte Taylors website:

Jill Bolte Taylor was a 37-year-old Harvard-trained and published brain scientist when a blood vessel exploded in her brain. Through the eyes of a curious neuroanatomist, she watched her mind completely deteriorate whereby she could not walk, talk, read, write, or recall any of her life. Because of her understanding of how the brain works, her respect for the cells composing her human form, and an amazing mother, Jill completely recovered her mind, brain and body. In My Stroke of Insight: A Brain Scientist's Personal Journey, Jill shares with us her recommendations for recovery and the insight she gained into the unique functions of the right and left halves of her brain. Having lost the categorizing, organizing, describing, judging and critically analyzing skills of her left brain, along with its language centers and thus ego center, Jill’s consciousness shifted away from normal reality. In the absence of her left brain’s neural circuitry, her consciousness shifted into present moment thinking whereby she experienced herself “at one with the universe.”

Well, you all sound very informed on physics to little ol' me -

Speaking of string theory - doesn't it suggest 6 or 7 more dimensions in addition to our 4? The way Lost keeps saying you can't change the future or you can only have one outcome makes me wonder "why not"? I always thought these other dimensions might make room for a parallel existence. Any thoughts?

I'm by no means a physicist either, but as I understand it the 6 or 7 (up to 11 is what I've heard ) dimensions are altogether different than the parallel universe theory which is actually infinite, and I don't think TPTB are utilizing that.
That's more the Heroes kind of time travel where each time you change something, the whole future changes.
Then you can go back and change it again.

Saw a cool PBS special on the son of one of the first people to theorize about infinite parallel worlds revisiting his Dad's old haunts and interviewing friends,

Think it was titled Parallel Worlds Parallel lives. (could be wrong) it had some good simply explain quantum physics lessons.

The number of physical dimensions as per string theory is that count of 4 + 6 + 1 additional one for a total of 11. Another theory, quantum gravity, makes a different prediction of 26 physical dimensions. There are probably other variants that come up with other counts.

The infinite parallel universe and the multiverse are two totally different concepts. Unfortunately when those concepts were first introduced, a misinterpretation was made in the mass media that persists up into today.

Hope that helps. You'll have to wade through some books on the topic to see the exact details of why.

Multi dimensions and Multi worlds are commonly confused. I have even read it being confused in Physics forums. My take on it is...multiple worlds/universes are completely separate from our world.. or separated by a brane. Multiple dimensions are simply dimensions we cannot percieve.

We do not really know what the reality truely is. We precieve our world by our 5 senses. Our mind separated out the information received and creates the reality we understand. It is sort of like a radio station tuned into one frequency... but there are multiple radio station signals in the air, but the receiver only picks up and interprets a small band of electromagnetic frequency.

I have often thought that the whispers are of another dimension that for some reason on the island what separates them has seemed to disappear. There are many scientific reasons for this... the em fluctuation could have changed the frequency of a dimension so now two dimmensions that were completely different are now closely similar. It could also be that as we have read in the above posts.. something has happened to the minds of those on the island that has allowed them to preceive more of what is going on around them.

When Mrs. Hawking was in the basement she was correcting an equation on the chaulk board. In the foreground we saw a pendulum swinging back and forth. She also had an older style computer with a map and some markings on the map. Here's what she was doing:
Let's start with the pendulum. It is called a Foucault Pendulum. It is a free swinging pendulum that consists of a tall pendulum free to oscillate in any vertical plane. The direction along which the pendulum swings rotates with time because of Earth's daily rotation. If you go to Wiki there is a moving example of the markings it makes. If you watch closely you will see that the marks are exactly the same as what was on the computer screen. Exactly the same style. So, what this pendulum is doing is simply showing where the earth is in relation to the galaxy as it rotates. Something I read along the way also talked about measurements of four. I wish I would have saved the info. I think it relates as well because I read a post that the pendulum swung four times. Anyway, I can't really say more about it than that! Sorry.
The link for the Foucault Pendulum and the moving diagram is:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulum
Now, I was able to find a good photo of her at the chaulkboard. After enlarging it and studying it and researching what I found this is what was Mrs. Hawking was trying to figure out. She was working on mathematical equations for something called a Probability Theory and also for a Moment Problem. Without getting into all of the math and physics behind it you can basically say that yes, she was trying to figure out where and when the island was. The key here is that it is a Probability Theory and Moment Problem. A moment problem is actually trying to invert a mapping that takes a measure to the sequences of moments. It is used to define moments for random variables in a general fashion. And probability is just what it says, the likelyhood or chance of something happening. In other words, like Ben said, it is very dangerous to move the island because you never know exactly where or when or for how long it will go. I have looked up all of the mathematical notations on the board. I cannot find an exact problem to match but the symbols she was writing are for probability, the acceleration of gravity and moment problem. This is definite. I think you may be able to see how this does tie in with what a Foucault Pendulum does. So, I think I am exactly right or extremely close on this.
I also was able to read something she had hand written on the board. It says:
Galactic intervals and Event Probability
Everything seems to tie in as far as just what she was doing and why. They don't even know when or where the island is going. The only thing she was able to figure out is that they only had 70 hours to fix it.

I keep reading where it is thought the pendulum is a Foucault's Pendulum showing the earths rotation. However, to me it looks more like a Paraconical Pendulum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraconical_pendulum
http://www.allais.info/panarep/ozwork.htm

Foucault's pendulum demonstrates the rotation of earth, a Paraconical pendulum measures gravity influences.

This is used to measure the Allais effect..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allais_effect

I keep reading where it is thought the pendulum is a Foucault's Pendulum showing the earths rotation. However, to me it looks more like a Paraconical Pendulum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraconical_pendulum
http://www.allais.info/panarep/ozwork.htm

Foucault's pendulum demonstrates the rotation of earth, a Paraconical pendulum measures gravity influences.

This is used to measure the Allais effect..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allais_effect

A Foucault Pendulum measures the earths rotation in relation to the universe. If you go to that Wiki link I left you will see a moving diagram. If you watch closely you will see that the markings a Foucault Pendulum makes are the same in appearance to those that we see both closeup under the pendulum and on Mrs. Hawking's computer screen world map. Also, you know how TPTB like to play with philosophers, right? Well, Michael Foucault, not the inventor of the pendulum, was a philosopher...

When Mrs. Hawking was in the basement she was correcting an equation on the chaulk board...

Yes she did. She rubbed out the "summation" symbol, had a quick rethink and then wrote the "summation" symbol one more time. Her calculations involve "adding" up many different probabilities or versions of events...

Yes she did. She rubbed out the "summation" symbol, had a quick rethink and then wrote the "summation" symbol one more time. Her calculations involve "adding" up many different probabilities or versions of events...

Hello Addhawk. Probabilities and Moments...throw in a little gravitational acceleration and galactic positioning....gotta love it!

Just sit right back and you'll hear a tale of how Eloise Hawkings is Daniel Farradays' mum!